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Title: Best Practices in Microcredit Governance: Lessons from Bangladesh

Abstract: The performance of two prominent microcredit providers—Grameen Bank and BRAC NGO—is examined in this paper, with particular attention paid to their different organizational structures and governance frameworks. As a borrower-owned cooperative, Grameen Bank promotes member involvement in decision-making, which, through group lending, encourages ownership and peer support but may also lead to social pressure. BRAC NGO, on the other hand, employs a centralized governance model and offers a thorough approach to micro credit that is in line with its larger social development initiatives. Although this strategy provides comprehensive assistance, it may not be as flexible to meet the needs of each borrower. Although borrower choices and economic conditions have an impact on their effectiveness, both groups aim to increase loan attachment and reduce poverty. While BRAC depends on a combination of donor money and revenue-generating operations, Grameen Bank places a higher priority on self-sufficiency. The impact and sustainability of microcredit systems might be improved by fusing the advantages of both models—BRAC's integrated approach and Grameen Bank's borrower ownership.

By Tahmina Akhter, Shanzida Hassan
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Social Intelligence and Burnout among Post Graduate Students

Abstract: This study was aimed to identify the effect of social intelligence on the academic burnout among college students who were studying in different faculties (Science, Commerce, Arts). The data was collected from different colleges situated in Meerut city. A total 300 students studying different colleges under CCS University were participated. Burnout was measured by Copenhagen(2012)’s Burnout Scale while Social Intelligence by Chadda and Ganeshan (2009). Multiple Regression was used to find our predictors for the burnout among college students. Regression Analysis revealed that social intelligence was emerged as important predictor of burnout. Further T test also revealed significance difference between groups. It was found that female students were having more burnout problems as compare to male participants. Students’ social intelligence is a Type a perceiving ability to understand social cues and effectively navigate social situations. It is ability to cope with burnout or stressors and maintain balance between academic and personal life. In this paper the present study has social applied application Academic Achievement, Mental health and general wellbeing can all be affected by social intelligence. Thus the present study is to examine low social intelligence affects college’s student abilities to handle their burnout problems.

By Pratiksha Rani, Manju Khokhar
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: The Impact of Pawnbroking on Local Communities with special reference to Bangladesh

Abstract: This study examines pawnbroking's impact on social entrepreneurship and its implications for social development. It posits that Pawnbroking aids vulnerable entrepreneurs, often excluded from formal credit, in accessing quick financial resources, thereby enhancing social entrepreneurship. Through a meta-analysis and literature review, including three case studies from Bangladesh, the findings indicate that, despite exploitative practices, pawnshops are vital for providing the impoverished with financial access and supporting social welfare. However, risks such as asset loss, debt cycles, and exploitation of desperate borrowers are also highlighted. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory oversight and more accessible financial systems that protect borrowers while maintaining accessibility. Overall, pawnbroking offers both advantages and challenges for local communities in Bangladesh, necessitating a balance between quick cash access and consumer protections to promote healthier community dynamics.

By José G. Vargas-Hernández, Amina Khatun, Csongor Czipf, Absalón J. Salmerón-Zapata
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: The Role of Social Media Marketing Strategies in Promoting Uttarakhand Tourism

Abstract: This study explores the role of Social Media Marketing Strategies (SMMSs) in promoting tourism in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. With the rise of digital platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and WhatsApp, social media has become a pivotal tool for destination branding, customer engagement, and tourism outreach. The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive design and relies solely on secondary data, including academic literature, government tourism reports, and digital platform analytics. The paper identifies key determinants of successful social media marketing in tourism content quality, user-generated content, influencer marketing, real-time engagement, and platform-specific strategies. Uttarakhand's current digital efforts are largely focused on basic visual content, with limited use of advanced engagement tools like Social CRM or influencer-led campaigns. It critically evaluates the current approach using a SWOT analysis framework and identifies both achievements and gaps in platform utilisation, content localisation, and targeted advertising. This evaluation provides detailed recommendations to improve digital outreach, including platform diversification, technological innovation, regional inclusion, and sustainable tourism promotion. The findings suggest that while Uttarakhand has made significant progress in digital tourism marketing, an integrated and adaptive strategy is essential to achieve long-term success in an increasingly competitive and dynamic tourism landscape. The research concludes by offering practical recommendations, including developing multilingual content, deeper influencer collaboration, improved feedback mechanisms, and benchmarking against digitally mature tourism states. These strategies can help Uttarakhand maximise its tourism potential by aligning digital marketing practices with evolving traveller behaviours.

By Vijendra Kumar, Bushra Mateen
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Study on Investment Pattern of Salaried Class People with Special Reference to Dehradun City

Abstract: Investment patterns among salaried individuals are influenced by various factors, including income levels, financial awareness, risk appetite, and socio-economic conditions. This study aims to analyze the investment preferences of salaried professionals in Dehradun, focusing on their choice of financial instruments such as fixed deposits, mutual funds, stocks, insurance, and real estate. The research examines the factors affecting investment decisions, including risk tolerance, savings behavior, tax benefits, and long-term financial goals. A structured survey was conducted among salaried individuals from diverse professional backgrounds to gather primary data. The findings reveal a preference for low-risk investment options, with a significant inclination toward fixed deposits and insurance, while younger investors show a growing interest in mutual funds and equity markets. The study also highlights the role of financial literacy in shaping investment behavior. The insights from this research can help financial institutions, policymakers, and advisors tailor investment solutions that align with the financial goals of salaried individuals in Dehradun. Additionally, the study underscores the need for enhanced financial education programs to encourage informed investment decisions.

By Pankaj Kumar, Subhash Chandra
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Electric Mobility Integration in Indian Urban Planning: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications

Abstract: India’s urban transport system is facing unprecedented challenges due to rapid population growth, vehicular congestion, and escalating pollution levels. Against this backdrop, the transition toward electric mobility (e-mobility) offers a promising pathway for sustainable urban development. This study investigates the extent to which electric mobility is being integrated into urban planning in Indian cities. It explores critical challenges such as inadequate charging infrastructure, limited policy coordination, and citizen hesitancy. Drawing upon both primary data collected through surveys in five urban centres—and secondary sources from government and institutional reports, the research applies statistical methods, including factor analysis and regression modelling, to examine the drivers of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. The findings reveal that infrastructure readiness and public policy awareness are strong predictors of urban EV acceptance. The study concludes by offering practical policy recommendations, such as zoning reforms and enhanced fiscal incentives, aimed at creating EV-supportive urban environments aligned with national climate goals.

By Shantam Babbar, Rajesh Kumar Raju, Monika Kumari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1