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Title: An Exclusive Investigation Report on the International Monetary Fund (IMF)s Impacts on the Current Status of the Climate and International Trade Situations Around the World

Abstract: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the renowned financial legal entities for providing loans or funding for different projects or progammes to enhance or recover the economic conditions of the world. The evolution of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may be sketched from the outcome result of the negotiation among allied nations at the July 1944 Bretton Woods Conference after World War Two. The Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 gave rise to both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development (IBRD). Gradually, both IMF and IBRD merged to shape the World Bank. International Monetary Fund (IMF) well-thought-out to adopt various actions to tackle the situations of COVID-19, climate change, trade barriers and other issues to boost the economic zone of the world. These measures are also essential ingredients to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This notion is supported by different states and organisations (i.e., The World Trade Organisation) too. This examination paper will examine to what extent the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is keeping its role active as an umbrella to boost the climate and international trade situations within the world

By Md. Habib Alam*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Structural Relation amongst Components of Container Management, Effectiveness of Container Management and Supply Chain Management

Abstract: The present study elucidates that significant difference exists amongst profile of respondents and container management. Time of schedule, strategic leadership, cost control and vessel capacities have positive and significant influence on supply chain management. In addition, cost control, vessel capacity, time of schedule and strategic leadership have significant, positive and direct influence on effectiveness of container management, while, effectiveness of container management has significant, positive and direct influence on supply chain management. Therefore, all the hypotheses are supported by the findings of the present study. Therefore, it is essential to develop a model capable of predicting the time of arrival for vessels, providing terminal planners with accurate information to facilitate optimal berth planning and the owners of containers must improve container operations by implementing integrated operations, optimizing system dynamics, utilizing information sharing systems, and deploying advanced technology and process optimization. Integrated operations of separate container can lead to reduced vessel waiting time, balanced utilization across terminals, and increased overall profits. The owners of containers should improve capacity utilization of their containers and they must build dense packs outside of the confines of a container and load/unload in a single shot and use machinery with smart technology to load as closely to the container walls as possible and also use optimization techniques. Besides, the owners of containers should charge rationally for their services on par with market and they must avoid extra or additional cost for maintaining their competitiveness and margins in profit. The owner of containers should concentrate on networking that has to be executed immediately and it will help to balance demand and supply and allocate various tasks to employees in the cost effective ways. The vessel capacity must be increased or fully utilized by means of switching to floor loading and packing containers without pallets. Furthermore, the owners of containers must effectively collaborate with supply chain partners that will improve their business operations.

By R. Ganapathi
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Empowering Women: Legal Safeguards and Policy Frameworks

Abstract: India's distinctive national identity is profoundly shaped by the esteemed position accorded to women throughout its history. Since the Vedic era, Indian society has cultivated a legacy of female empowerment, exemplified by learned scholars like Gargi and Anusuya. This tradition persisted through subsequent epochs, with luminaries such as Ahilyabai Holkar, Rani Lakshmibai, Sucheta Kripalani, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and Indira Gandhi emerging as iconic figures who have significantly contributed to the nation's progress. Historical evidence consistently demonstrates that women have possessed intellectual capacity, energy, and efficiency on par with men. Nevertheless, their contributions to society have been disproportionately low relative to their population percentage. A primary factor contributing to this disparity is the imposition of various restrictions on women since the post-Vedic era. Pernicious societal practices such as dowry, female infanticide, child marriage, illiteracy, and gender inequality have significantly impeded women's progress and potential, resulting in their marginalization and subjugation to men. Prior to independence, the subordinate status of women was a recognized concern. Numerous initiatives and policies were conceived to elevate women's position within society, yet their implementation fell short of intended objectives. Post-independence India has enacted a series of legislative measures, anchored in the Constitution, aimed at elevating the status of women. While these legal frameworks have undeniably contributed to progress, the challenges persisting in women's empowerment necessitated the implementation of comprehensive government schemes. These initiatives have been instrumental in advancing women's status both within domestic and societal spheres. The consequent economic and social empowerment of women is indicative of India's trajectory towards a progressive and developed future. This paper is an attempt to examine the efficacy of government schemes, policies, and programs designed to foster women's empowerment.

By Brijesh Kumar Agarwal, Swati Sharma*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Nigeria’s Foreign Policy, A Possible Panacea to Fighting Domestic Terrorism

Abstract: This study examined Nigeria’s foreign policy vis-à-vis the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria, in order to ascertain whether Nigeria’s foreign policy was able to assist in the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria within the period of the study. The study is guided by a research question such as: Does the use of land border closure technique contribute in reducing smuggling of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) proliferation in Nigeria? The study adopted Neo-functionalism theory of integration as its analytical framework understanding the discourse on how Nigeria’s foreign policy was able to assist in the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria. Therefore, we stated our hypothesis that: the use of land borders closure technique contributed in reducing smuggling small arm and light weapons (SALW) proliferation in Nigeria, which often stimulate terrorism in Nigeria. The research also utilized the documentary method for collecting data and employed content analysis to analyze information derived from secondary sources. Finally, we recommended amongst other things, that there should be observation and implementation of land borders closure technique into Nigeria’s foreign policy as a legal framework of curtailing smuggling of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in the country.

By Fortunetus Izuchukwu Oguwuike*, Celestine Ochu Udeh
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Present Status of the Blue, Green and Digital Economy of Bangladesh: Challenges & Prospects

Abstract: This research paper based on present status of blue, green and digital economy of Bangladesh and then engage with their (Blue, Green and Digital Economy) empirical implementation, defiance and expectation of Bangladesh. Today green economy, blue economy and digital economy is the relevant questions of Bangladesh. To generate consciousness, remove challenges, discuss prospect/success and provide correct and appropriate information about green economics, blue economy and digital economy of Bangladesh are the main theme of this research paper. Now Bangladesh is one of the most successful least developed countries in the world. Its blue, green and digital economy plays an important role to achieve this success. This research paper has been based on the author’s practical knowledge gather from blue, green and digital economy sector of Bangladesh.

By Samira- Binte- Saif
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in Indian Prospective: A Study on Top Five IT Companies

Abstract: This study aims to examine the influence of CSR expenditure on the financial performance of these leading IT companies. Through studying key financial ratios and CSR initiatives, the research seeks to shed light on how socially responsible practices affect profitability. Additionally, this paper also examines the wider implications of CSR for corporate reputation, stakeholder engagement and long-term business sustainability. This study explores the association between mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditures and profitability in India’s top 5 IT firms for 2022. The data was collected from top five IT Companies that included; Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies, and Tech Mahindra. These were statistics directly related to CSR spending, Profitability metrics: Net Profit (Reflects the company's profitability), CSR Spending (Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility), Total Assets (The total value of all assets owned by a company) and Revenue (Total income). The pearson’s correlation was applied for the data analysis and determine relationship among variables.

By Reshma Fulara*, Anuj Kumar
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1

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