For decades, Decentralization has been a central theme in the debate on
governance worldwide. It is one of the most imperative reforms of the past
generation. Its paramount importance in the transition to democracy
became a significant point of the deliberations in both developed and
developing economics. The most important theoretical argument
concerning Decentralization is that it can improve governance by making
the government more accountable and responsive to the governed. This
paper emphasizes providing conceptual understanding about governance,
good governance, Decentralization, and forms of Decentralization.
Moreover, the study tries to figure out the relationship between
Decentralization and governance and highlight the present status,
challenges, and prospects of decentralized governance. Finally, this paper
also gives thought-provoking insights to the researchers and policymakers
in governance.
Keywords:Decentralization, governance, good governance, and
democracy.
The study analyzes the socio-economic condition of slum dwellers living
in Dhakas Kamlapur area. It focuses on the central problem undertaken
for the research study whether the slum dwellers of Dhaka city receive
their basic needs & constitutional rights or not. The study is both
qualitative & quantitative. Primary data are gathered from 50
respondents from the slum dwellers living in the Kamlapur slum area &
at the same time. The secondary data have been collected from various
journals, articles, books, thesis papers & newspapers published at
different times. The study emphasizes the issues that the slum dwellers
are deprived of, especially the essential requirements, the basic needs they
are supposed to get constitutionally as a citizen of Bangladesh. In
different research studies, it is found that the majority of them are not
able to afford their subsistence level of livelihood instead suffer from
deprivations & miseries. Sanitation becomes out of their reach. An
immediate effect is often visible due to the shortage of urban services &
the poor socio-economic status. They cannot afford safe water & water
supply. As a result, they suffer from many kinds of health issues
especially having diarrhea, dysentery & many other water bear diseases
as their daily companies. The study also finds several emerging &
challenging aspects that prevent the slum dwellers from maintaining
living standards rather than living in unhygienic places with an acute
want of healthy food, nutrition, treatment, safety,& necessary
governmental assistance. For solving these problems the slum dwellers
are experiencing, the study suggests a few of the effective measures that
can be implemented to minimize the issues & raise the living ambiance of
the slum dwellers through the active implication of the policies. Keywords: Socio-economic, Slum, Livelihood, Basic Needs, Framework.
Now in our daily life, the Internet plays an important role. Almost daily,
we use the Internet for every single work. Nowadays, people are likely to
buy and sell products and services over the electronic system, and they
are reliable and comfortable using e-commerce. From pin to ship,
everything is available on the web. Commercial markets are transforming
into e-commerce centers now. People generally avoid visiting crowded
markets rather than prefer online shopping, which is more convenient
because of their busy schedules and provides them with a relaxed
shopping environment. Now, various social e-commerce sites are
available for customers world-wide. In the present study, we will do a
comparative analysis of the financial statements of two international ecommerce companies, Amazon and Alibaba. Amazon is an Americanbased multinational e-commerce company, while Alibaba is a China-based
global e-commerce company. Using ten years (from 2010 to 2020)
secondary data, we will analyze the financial performance of companies
by using the five-way DuPont Model. DuPont model is the most
important model for measuring the R.O.E. of companies. This study will
evaluate the best among the two selected companies, Amazon and
Alibaba. Keywords:E-Commerce, R.O.E., DuPont Model.
Indias Capital Market was opened to FIIs in the last decade of the 20th
century. Since then, high volatility has been seen in the stock market on
the flow of DIIS and FIIs funds. The role of individual investors is to
watch the market trends. In this study, an effort is made to analyze the
impact of a pandemic caused due to the Novel Corona Virus on FIIs
investment in India. In this study, we have taken three years from
October 2018 to September 2021. Eighteen months before the pandemic
and 18 months after the pandemic. The study revealed that FIIs have
great faith in the Indian Stock Market as their inflow has increased
during the post-pandemic period. Keywords:Indian Stock Market, Nifty 50, Pandemic, and FIIs.
The competitive business environment of the telecommunication sector
has proposed that employees should be competently developed and
empowered to reduce absenteeism and employee turnover and have better
outcomes concerning growth. The primary purpose of this study is to
analyze Employees Performance through Competency Development and
Empowerment Employees. This research has been conducted in the
telecommunication sector, preferably Vodafone Idea Limited. This study
is quantitative and empirical. Data has been collected primarily by
circulating the questionnaire to the studys respondents. Method of
convenience sampling has been adopted for the research among the
employees of Vodafone Idea in Uttarakhand and the Western Uttar
Pradesh region, India. Frequency and descriptive statistics and
Correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression techniques have been used
to analyze data. Findings of the study have been mentioned for adequate
implications and future perspectives.
Keywords: Competency Development, Empowerment of Employees,
Employees Performance and Telecommunication.
This research study investigates the key factors that play a crucial role in
influencing the buying behaviour of Indian Consumers towards online
shopping. The internet has significantly changed the way people shop
from traditional brick-and-mortar to click-and-mortar. For this purpose,
primary and secondary data have been analyzed and used. A wellstructured questionnaire has been exclusively designed to collect
preliminary data from 200 online shoppers. Conclusions derived from
this study reveal convenience, a massive variety of goods and services,
lower prices, quick and easy product replacement, hassle-free refund
facility, prompt delivery. And no sales pressure are the essential key
factors that contribute to influence the buying behaviour of Indian
consumers concerning online shopping. The findings of the study are
relevant for e-commerce companies and e-marketers to understand the
psychology and the buying behaviour of their actual and potential
consumers in a better way and thus will help in formulating various
marketing strategies accordingly to increase market share and consumer
satisfaction as well.
Keywords: Indian Consumers, Consumer behaviour, Online shopping,
Online shoppers, Buying behaviour.
An endeavor to measure the overall operating efficiency through
Profitability and Liquidity taking BPCL & HPCL has been made in this
paper for ten years from 2011-12 to 2020-21to establish an empirical
relationship amongst Variables based on statistical techniques. Empirical
workings have been done with the help of Multiple R, R2
, Multiple
Regression, T Test, and F Ratio. Keywords:BPCL, HPCL, Petroleum products, Operating efficiency,
Return on capital employed
The creation of Dollys sheep using this technology by the Englishman
Ian Wilmut and his scientific colleagues in 1998 was a breakthrough in
science and technology. Scientists have synthesized complex elements
such as genes and cells for many years. Still, the herds success has
prompted researchers to try human cloning, which technically includes
the most controversial topic in the world. Human Cloning is a new term;
Cloning refers to a scientific method that involves creating a genetic
replica of an animal or an existing person. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
(SCNT) is used in human cloning. It is a process by which the nucleus of
a fertilized egg is replaced by a somatic cell nucleus (the nucleus of an
adult cell), either a nucleus from an ovum donor or a nucleus from
another human cell. This paper aims to describe human cloning and some
issues surrounding cloning, the importance of human cloning for human
beings, and some legal implications. Keywords: Human Cloning, Human rights, Religious and Ethical
issues.
Today, the self-help group (S.H.G.) is one of the most critical matters of
the twenty-first century. These are primarily designed to empower
women in low-income socio-economic areas. In our daily lives, we can see
self-help groups are insufficient to empower women since they are small
voluntary associations of less than twenty people, either registered or
unregistered, preferably from the same and lower socio-economic
background. In India, S.H.G. has become the main objective of
eradicating poverty and uplifting women. This movement has gained
momentum worldwide, especially in India, due to the uncounted
emergence of community-based N.G.O. Although, working these
community-based N.G.O. is a significant challenge. The study is based
purely on secondary sources. This article aims to raise awareness of the
problems that S.H.G.s face in Uttar Pradesh and offer solutions Keywords:Self-Help Groups, Community Based N.G.O.s, Socioeconomic Conditions.
In the Indian banking scenario, Universal Banking is a new concept. It
can be said to be a provider for different financial products under a single
roof. Other sectors like Business houses, households, etc., can avail many
financial services like loans, insurance, stock market investments, etc.
while doing routine banking like withdrawal and deposit. In India, too,
many opportunities are available and exploited in the banking sector as a
universal bank. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the
prospects and impact of Universal Banking in the Indian market. The
banking sector in India diligently follows the worldwide trend in global
financial developments. It is believed that the concept of global super
financial markets could play an essential role in the future by the opening
of the Indian Banking sector to foreign players.
Keywords:Financial Institution, Supermarkets, Universal Banking,
Development Financial Institutions(DFIs).
On the lines of an ideal National Agriculture Policy and National
Highway, National Irrigation Highway can give rise to a new Green
Revolution. The prosperity of the country depends on the prosperity of
the farmers here. The worth of farmers largely depends on the rewards of
their produce. Therefore, the ideal fixation on agricultural prices is of
great importance. According to Sir Jogendra Singh, "A farmer should not
be expected to increase production if the monetary value of the farmers
labour decreases due to increased production." There is a need for study
and improvement in the perspective of various problems like growth, easy
access to agricultural equipment, increase in production through
diversification, hybridization of crops, sale of crops at reasonable prices,
and a proper export system if more production occurs. Agriculture is the
main occupation in underdeveloped countries, is the largest source of
national income, the primary source of employment and livelihood, the
basis of industrial development, commerce, and trade. Poor and
developing nations cannot achieve a high economic growth rate with
limited resources unless they develop a primary agricultural industry.
The study results reveal that in the case of crops, the increase in MSP is
significantly less than the inputs like fuel, labour, and fertilizer, which
have increased drastically. It shows that these factors increase production
costs, which puts pressure on the farmers. Keywords:National Irrigation Highway, New Green Revolution, Crop
rotation, Ideal Agricultural Prices, Compensation.
Poverty is one of the foremost challenges facing the Indian government;
various measures have been taken to eradicate poverty. The microfinance
model hopes to raise funds by lending the money using different models in
this situation. Several studies have been conducted worldwide, and it is
widely accepted that microfinance initiatives have made a significant
difference to target groups that do not have easy access to credit. However,
the financial feasibility of microfinance institutions is increasingly
questioned. In the long run, MFI must be economically viable and
sustainable.
This white paper examines MFIs performance in terms of outreach and
financial performance. It examines the reach and profitability of selected
microfinance institutions operating in India between 2010 and 2017.
These institutions need to pursue high goals through superior financial
performance that operate financially efficiently for disadvantaged groups
benefit to continue their operations. Keywords:Microfinance, financial sustainability, Return on equity,
Operational self-sufficiency, Return on Assets.
The destruction created by the global COVID-19pandemic; has fallen the
worlds economic indicators. Whether it is a developing nation,
underdeveloped nation, or the worlds most powerful economy, for that
matter, no country escaped safely from its impact. All industries have
been hit adversely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It has created a bad
situation in the market. The banking industry has also not been spared
from being affected by this. The outbreak of COVID-19 has challenged the
Indian banking industry adversely. Indian Banks informed rise in NPAs,
demand of Loan and in turn, impacted profitability. Because of the
nation-wise lockdown, industries and markets were shutdown. There
were no sources of Income and increasing expenses. Therefore, the Public
was demanding loans, and alternatively, they were not capable of
repaying the loan. So, a liquidity crisis arose. To overcome this COVID19 pandemic situation, Indias apex body bank Reserve Bank of India,
and Central Government have taken several steps to provide relief. This
research paper intends to analyze the relationship between NPAs,
Advances, and Profitability due to COVID-19 and the effect of steps
taken by RBI and the government on the Indian Banking Industry. For
this purpose, we have an analytical study of Public and Private banks.
Out of these two public banks, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank,
and two private banks, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank for consecutive six
previous years. The data were analyzed using statistical tools to examine
the impact of NPAs and net advances during COVID-19. It also analyzes
the impact of the banks profitability.
Keywords: Non-Performing Assets (NPAs), Economy, Reserve Bank of
India (RBI), Covid-19.
During the visit to Pakistan in May 2013, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang
proposed a China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for connecting
Kashgar in China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with the
southwestern Pakistani port of Gwadar. China in recent years made
significant offers to Pakistan because the former conceives Islamabad as a
partner that can play a crucial role in restraining India. Many observers,
including political analysts and security and defense experts, interpret
these actions as a Chinese make attempt to further its expansionist
agenda in the broader Indo-Pacific region and achieve a strategic
encirclement of India in South Asia. India has expressed its limitations
about the project, as the proposed CPEC will pass through the territory
disputed between Pakistan and India. In this context, the present paper
sought to assess the crucial security issues involved in CPEC. It would
also throw light on the concealed rationale behind the CPEC initiative.
Further, it would discuss the security implications to India from CPEC. Keywords: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Belt, and Road
Initiative, India, Jammu, and Kashmir.
Sea freight prices have risen sharply, due to the COVID-19 crisis, global
shortages of ships, declining competition in the field, and containers of
contagious demand.
In Israel, the value for customs purposes includes the transportation costs,
as in Singapore, and the majority of the states. On the contrary, the US,
Australia and NZ, have chosen to exclude transportation costs, for
customs value purposes.
Therefore, the increase in transportation costs leads to the increase in the
value of goods for customs purposes, and to a further collection of customs
duties, in Israel.
The Israeli law allows the state to facilitate importers and waive the extra
customs duties, and similar and other facilitations have been made in the
past, for example, in a war or strike situations.
Therefore, all that is required is the flexibility and activation of goodwill
on the part of the state, when interpreting the law, in order to relieve the
importers from extra duties, caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Keywords:customs, valuation, transport, covid19, Israel.
Investment is a form of activity that individuals who have to save engage
in, i.e. investments are made with their savings, or in other words, people
invest their money in banks, gold, real estate, post services, mutual funds,
and a number of other investment possibilities are all accessible Investors
invest their money for a variety of reasons and objectives, including profit,
security, appreciation, and income stability. The researcher investigated
the many types and channels of investment, as well as the elements that
must be considered when choosing an investment, using a sample size of
100 salaried employees and performing a survey in the city of Meerut,
India, through a questionnaire In fact, the current study uses a selfassessment questionnaire to determine which investment paths are
favored by individual investors. The researcher discovered that paid
employees value safety and a decent return on investment when making
frequent investments. Except for female investors, respondents are far
more knowledgeable of the many investment options available in India.
The current research looks at the savings and investment habits of people
in the salaried class, with a focus on Meerut (India). Keywords: Investment, Savings, Security, Commodity, investor etc.
Poverty is a burning issue around the globe. It is a daily issue for the least developing and
underdeveloped countries and a very tough war to fight. This book discussed poor economics
and tried to show a path to fight global poverty differently other than the stereotypical way that
global leaders adopt. Keywords:Poor Economics, stereotypical
"Readings in Bangladesh Development" has been published by the Bangladesh Institute of
Development Studies to honor the father of the nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, on
his birth centenary. The two-volume book comprises notable published articles over the last 50
years. Fifty years have been divided into two halves, and the second volume incorporates 23
articles produced between 2000-2020. The aim was to cover pertinent contemporary development
issues and challenges experienced by the country over the years. In this regard, cutting-edge
research in various sub-disciplines conducted by old and young scholars has been included. The
articles cover governance, infrastructure, N.G.O.s and microcredit, human development,
urbanization, poverty reduction, inequality, etc. This report is comprised of some of the major
highlights of the book.
Keywords:Bangladesh
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