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Title: Social Policy Imperatives: Addressing Gaps in Skills and Education to Ameliorate Child Labour in Bangladesh

Abstract: Child labour hampers social equality and threatens their future interest. The last two decades represented a slowing down of the global pace of reduction in child labour. Moreover, the pandemic and wars, including economic crises over the past years have further stalled progress toward the goal of eliminating the worst forms of child labour. For this country, a disturbing fact is substantial rise in the figure of employed children in the age group of 12-13 years—from 0.04 million in 2013 to 0.59 million in 2022—and their involvement in perilous work, which has more than doubled in the last ten years. The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics’ National Child Labour Survey of 2022 documents that out of 39.96 million children, 1,068,212 children (aged 5 to 17 years) are in remunerated or low-paid work, and amongst them, 60 percent are involved in hazardous child labour. In the interest of sustaining development gains, child labour needs to be cogently addressed. This study suggests a paradigm shift within a social policy imperative, due to the absence of an implemented and effective social protection strategy (notwithstanding the National Social Security Strategy that could successfully encompass this group) No implementation strategy has been articulated in NSSS. This study devises solutions that take into cognizance the socio-economic and structural constraints, for amelioration of child labour in Bangladesh. Also, policies have been recommended here: by drawing upon NGO initiatives in Bangladesh, as well as author’s projection of innovative strategies to keep children attentive and keen. An idea of best practice from RSBY (India) and ID cards for support of street children and poor, has been given. A child centered development for improving their skills and education, leading to entry into trading, or remunerative activity through placements, have been delved into, for quick improvements in their situation. It would assist in developing more sensitive policies and its implementation, in future.

By Anwara Begum*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Carbon Outsourcing: A Big Hurdle in Reducing CO2 Emissions

Abstract: Over the last decade, the United States and many European Union countries like UK, France, and Germany, and some rich Asian countries like Japan and Singapore have reduced their CO2 emissions to a great extent, on the contrary, their consumption of goods that produce large amounts of CO2, (also known as consumption-based emissions) although lower, when compared to the last decade, is still higher than their production of such goods (also known as production-based emissions). Now, this is an interesting paradox that how come they are producing less, but still consuming more CO2. To get the complete picture, we have to consider another paradox that is closely related to the first one. If we look at the developing countries like China and India, both, their consumption-based and production-based emissions have grown over this period, however, their production-based emissions grew at a much higher pace than their consumption-based emissions. Now one might wonder why are these countries producing more than they consume, and are the two paradoxes somehow related to each other? The answer is 'Yes', they are related very closely. The reduction in emissions of developed countries is directly related to the increase in the emission of developing countries, as the developed countries have outsourced big quantity of their emissions to developing countries by importing goods from them rather than producing them domestically. This phenomenon of carbon-outsourcing has the caliber of reversing a good deal of progress made in fighting climate change and thus it is crucial to be addressed and tackled properly. In this paper, I discuss in detail the concept of Carbon Outsourcing, its negative impact on the environment and how rich countries exploit this to decrease their overall carbon-footprint.

By Vaishali Jaiswala*, Kartik Chaudharyb
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Professor Nurul Islam and his book namely “Development Planning in Bangladesh: A Study in Political Economy“

Abstract: Prof. Nurul Islam was one of the greatest economists in Bangladesh. The book we are discussing is like a triangular association between the planners, the bureaucrats and the politicians which is like a Three-Party Cooperative Game. The book is very much understanding for studying because it reveals after devastating war of independence between Pakistan and Bangladesh and now Bangladesh is enjoying the benefits of independence and we believe that in the year 2026 we shall be able to LDC graduate.

By Nawazeesh Muhammad Ali*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: A Study on Online Banking System of City Bank Ltd.

Abstract: With the development of technology, it was essential that banks and patrons transition to the new online-banking method. Therefore, this study looked into the obstacles that City Bank Ltd. clients had in implementing online banking. This study used a descriptive study to gather primary information from 40 City Bank Ltd. respondents. The respondents were chosen by a straightforward random sample. According to the study's findings, customers' adoption and use of online banking was significantly hindered by the accessibility of in sequence on e-banking, their level of education, and the expense of doing so. The study advised banks to start disseminating information about e-use, banking's as well as its advantages and costs, noting that while security did not greatly effect e-banking usage, it was still important to consider.

By Sabnam Jahan*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Development Index

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an unprecedented global crisis, profoundly affecting all aspects of society, including the business landscape and societal well-being. This study investigates the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on two critical dimensions: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices among organizations and the Human Development Index (HDI) of nations. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of data spanning the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, this research explores the complex interplay between these two constructs. The study assesses how the pandemic has influenced CSR initiatives across diverse industries and regions. It examines changes in CSR strategies, resource allocation, and the prioritization of social and environmental responsibility in corporate decision-making. The research also investigates whether the pandemic has acted as a catalyst for heightened CSR engagement or has imposed limitations on organizations' ability to fulfill their CSR commitments. This study delves into the impact of COVID-19 on the Human Development Index, a measure encompassing health, education, and income indicators. It explores how disruptions caused by the pandemic, such as healthcare strain, educational challenges, and economic recessions, have affected nations' HDI scores. The research also examines the potential correlation between nations with robust CSR practices and their ability to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on human development. Findings from this study provide valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between corporate social responsibility and societal well-being during times of crisis. Understanding the pandemic's influence on CSR and HDI can inform stakeholders, including businesses, policymakers, and international organizations, as they navigate the path to recovery and long-term sustainability in a post-pandemic world. As the world grapples with the enduring effects of the COVID-19 crisis, this research sheds light on the evolving landscape of corporate responsibility and its integral role in shaping human development outcomes.

By Rajeev Sijariyaa*, Aditya Mishrab, Yogesh Sharmac, Ankit Surid, Meenakshie
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Economics under Circulation must be Supported by Political Approach for Macroeconomic Stability with Special Reference to Bangladesh

Abstract: Superior supremacy with institutionalization and environmental scanning can support along with extending formal sector and growth with equity, removing social injustice, and dropping income inequality in an emerging economy like Bangladesh. Macroeconomic stability can help to attain excellent circumstances for the overall socio-economic scenario of a country provided a circular economy can work. SDG 10 is very important for the social and financial inclusion of the inhabitants. The research question of the study is whether the circular economy can help to attain substantial, planned, and participatory democracy to progress institutional participation through good Governance for attaining macroeconomic stability. From the study, it was observed that contributory and participatory governance preparations are customary for pro-people governments and can be considered as a criterion for good participation in endorsing the circular economy to attain dynamics of macroeconomic stability in an emerging economy like Bangladesh. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh proved her political maturity by free and fair election on 7th Janaury, 2024 and transformed to great statesperson of the earth.

By Muhammad Mahboob Alia*, José G. Vargas-Hernándezb
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2

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