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Title: Study on Investment Pattern of Salaried Class People with Special Reference to Dehradun City

Abstract: Investment patterns among salaried individuals are influenced by various factors, including income levels, financial awareness, risk appetite, and socio-economic conditions. This study aims to analyze the investment preferences of salaried professionals in Dehradun, focusing on their choice of financial instruments such as fixed deposits, mutual funds, stocks, insurance, and real estate. The research examines the factors affecting investment decisions, including risk tolerance, savings behavior, tax benefits, and long-term financial goals. A structured survey was conducted among salaried individuals from diverse professional backgrounds to gather primary data. The findings reveal a preference for low-risk investment options, with a significant inclination toward fixed deposits and insurance, while younger investors show a growing interest in mutual funds and equity markets. The study also highlights the role of financial literacy in shaping investment behavior. The insights from this research can help financial institutions, policymakers, and advisors tailor investment solutions that align with the financial goals of salaried individuals in Dehradun. Additionally, the study underscores the need for enhanced financial education programs to encourage informed investment decisions.

By Pankaj Kumar, Subhash Chandra
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Gender Based Violence and Its Impact on the Society

Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive global issue that affects individuals across all demographics, but disproportionately impacts women and girls. This abstract examines the multifaceted nature of GBV, encompassing various forms such as physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. Using a socio-ecological framework, it explores the complex interplay of individual, relational, community, and societal factors that contribute to the perpetuation of GBV. Furthermore, the abstract delves into the profound consequences of GBV on individuals and society at large. Beyond the immediate physical and psychological trauma experienced by survivors, GBV perpetuates cycles of poverty, hinders economic development, and undermines social cohesion. It exacerbates existing inequalities and impedes progress towards gender equality and women's empowerment. Drawing on empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this paper underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches to address GBV effectively. Such approaches should encompass prevention, intervention, and response strategies that engage diverse stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, communities, and individuals. Moreover, efforts to combat GBV must be underpinned by a commitment to challenging harmful gender norms, promoting human rights, and fostering gender-equitable societies. By shedding light on the pervasive nature and far-reaching impacts of GBV, this abstract seeks to inform policy, advocacy, and programming efforts aimed at eradicating this grave violation of human rights and fostering a more just and equitable society for all.

By Faraha, Nazia Ansari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: A Critical Review on Financial, Developmental and Supervisory Role of NABARD: With Special Reference to Functions of its Management Bodies

Abstract: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) formed in 1982 on 12th July is India's leading agricultural finance and rural development institution. This paper critically examines NABARD's development, financing, and supervisory roles with particular reference to the operations of its organizational hierarchies. NABARD performs as a support system for rural banking organizations' refinancing, financial inclusion, financing infrastructure operations, and promoting capacity-building schemes such as Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). Its departments such as Financial Inclusion and Development, Infrastructure and Development, and Supervision allow NABARD to support rural credit infrastructure and policy adherence. This paper assesses the performance of NABARD in rural development, climate resilient farming, and inclusive growth. Imbalanced credit flow to regions, over-reliance on government support, weak digital connectivity, and congruence of youth training skills remain issues despite these advancements. Despite these issues, NABARD remains a powerful instrument of sustainable rural development and farm advancement in India. This paper thus concludes the relevance of policy reforms, technology adoption, and greater autonomy to improve NABARD's long-term performance.

By Saumya Rai, Dinesh Kumar Tiwari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Ethical AI Integration and the Future of Employee Rights at Work

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly central to both economic progress and modern business practices. While much public discussion has centered on the societal and ethical dimensions of AI—particularly in relation to data privacy and human rights—there has been comparatively less attention on how AI is transforming traditional workplace dynamics, especially in the area of occupational health and safety. Although concerns about human rights and gig economy conditions are well-documented, the potential implications of AI for day-to-day worker safety remain underexplored. This paper seeks to fill that gap by introducing a conceptual framework for an AI Work Health and Safety (WHS) Scorecard. This tool is designed to help identify and manage workplace risks linked to AI deployment. Drawing from a qualitative, practice-oriented research project involving organizations actively implementing AI, the study outlines a set of health and safety risks derived from aligning Australia’s AI Ethics Principles and Principles of Good Work Design with the AI Canvas—a tool traditionally used to evaluate AI’s commercial value. The study’s key innovation lies in a newly developed matrix that maps known and anticipated WHS and ethical risks across each stage of AI adoption, offering a structured approach to evaluating AI’s workplace impact.

By Kanika Maheshwari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: A Critical Review on Financial, Developmental and Supervisory Role of NABARD: With Special Reference to Functions of its Management Bodies

Abstract: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) formed in 1982 on 12th July is India's leading agricultural finance and rural development institution. This paper critically examines NABARD's development, financing, and supervisory roles with particular reference to the operations of its organizational hierarchies. NABARD performs as a support system for rural banking organizations' refinancing, financial inclusion, financing infrastructure operations, and promoting capacity-building schemes such as Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). Its departments such as Financial Inclusion and Development, Infrastructure and Development, and Supervision allow NABARD to support rural credit infrastructure and policy adherence. This paper assesses the performance of NABARD in rural development, climate resilient farming, and inclusive growth. Imbalanced credit flow to regions, over-reliance on government support, weak digital connectivity, and congruence of youth training skills remain issues despite these advancements. Despite these issues, NABARD remains a powerful instrument of sustainable rural development and farm advancement in India. This paper thus concludes the relevance of policy reforms, technology adoption, and greater autonomy to improve NABARD's long-term performance.

By Saumya Rai, Dinesh Kumar Tiwari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Gender Based Violence and Its Impact on the Society

Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive global issue that affects individuals across all demographics, but disproportionately impacts women and girls. This abstract examines the multifaceted nature of GBV, encompassing various forms such as physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. Using a socio-ecological framework, it explores the complex interplay of individual, relational, community, and societal factors that contribute to the perpetuation of GBV. Furthermore, the abstract delves into the profound consequences of GBV on individuals and society at large. Beyond the immediate physical and psychological trauma experienced by survivors, GBV perpetuates cycles of poverty, hinders economic development, and undermines social cohesion. It exacerbates existing inequalities and impedes progress towards gender equality and women's empowerment. Drawing on empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this paper underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches to address GBV effectively. Such approaches should encompass prevention, intervention, and response strategies that engage diverse stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, communities, and individuals. Moreover, efforts to combat GBV must be underpinned by a commitment to challenging harmful gender norms, promoting human rights, and fostering gender-equitable societies. By shedding light on the pervasive nature and far-reaching impacts of GBV, this abstract seeks to inform policy, advocacy, and programming efforts aimed at eradicating this grave violation of human rights and fostering a more just and equitable society for all.

By Faraha, Nazia Ansari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1