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Title: Live-in-Relationships and Socio - Legal Challenges in India

Abstract: Due to the absence of legal protection for property rights, live-in relationships continue to be socially stigmatised in India, especially in traditional groups. Property rights are usually valued by married couples, and live-in partnerships are not specifically recognised by Indian law. The difficulties that live-in couples encounter may be made worse by this lack of family support. Without legal recognition, issues pertaining to inheritance rights and child custody become complicated. Although it offers some protection against domestic abuse, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 can be difficult to apply and enforce. Partners can not have the same financial rights or job benefits as married spouses. Despite these challenges, perceptions about cohabitation are gradually shifting, especially among younger people and in urban areas. Comprehensive legislative reforms are necessary to address the socio-legal problems that cohabiting couples face and to provide them with adequate protection and rights.

By Mohd Danish Khan, Pushkar Raj
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: The Dynamics of Broadcasting Law and Reality TV in India: Legal and Ethical Challenges

Abstract: In India, television reality programs have become a popular genre thanks to its relevant themes and lively content. But their quick expansion has spurred discussions about moral behavior, the effects on society, and legal issues. With an emphasis on reality television, this essay critically evaluates India's broadcasting laws and regulations, assessing how well they handle issues with participant exploitation, content manipulation, and cultural deterioration. The paper explores the legal framework that governs broadcasting in India, including the Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC) and the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995. It draws attention to the shortcomings of current legislation, which is vague in addressing the subtleties of reality programs and results in problems like manufactured narratives, participant psychological suffering, and transgressions of decency standards. These difficulties are highlighted by case studies of well-known programs like Bigg Boss, Indian Idol, and Roadies, which offer insights into the sociocultural ramifications of such programming. The study also identifies areas for improvement by contrasting India's broadcasting laws with international regulatory standards. Among the recommendations are the introduction of specific rules for reality television, the reinforcement of self-control systems, and the encouragement of media literacy among audiences. Reforming broadcasting laws in the digital age is essential, according to the report, which promotes a balanced strategy that protects the public interest, participant welfare, and creative freedom. By emphasizing the necessity of strong controls in India's changing media landscape, this study seeks to advance the conversation on media ethics and policy.

By Jyoti Rawat Lohiya, Sarika Tyagi
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: Humanitarian Crises and Refugee Mental Health in Europe: A Psychological Perspective on Forced Migration and Global Governance

Abstract: War, political instability, persecution, human rights violations and natural calamities have forced millions of people to involuntarily run from their homes in search of safety and stability, due to these sorrowful reasons humanitarian crisis arises and explains what really happens with these refugees. Europe has become one of the major destinations for refugees escaping such crises, however their experiences and what they are truly going through in order to survive is frequently reduced to policy debates. This paper strives to understand humanitarian crises, forced migration and refugee mental health challenges in Europe through a psychological perspective along with understanding the importance of global governance. This study uses a qualitative content analysis approach as it uses secondary data from international organization and existing research literature to assess the reasons for forced migration. The refugees who flee from their home countries don't migrate voluntarily because migration for them becomes a vital necessity when safety, dignity and basic rights are threatened to them and their families. They come across financial burden, unemployment, legal uncertainty, social exclusion, discrimination and very limited access to healthcare and mental health services. The existing literature regularly shows that these stressors built-up over time have severe psychological repercussions. The refugees show a very high prevalence of mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex traumatic stress disorder which happens due to persistent exposure to trauma, depressive and anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances and somatic symptom disorders. This study also addresses how India-Europe collaboration would help through policy exchange frameworks and community-based mental health interventions.

By Ojasvi Chaudhary
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: Test Paper

Abstract: Abstract Example

By Dr Sandeep Kumar Gupta
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: Digital Payments and Fraud in India: A Systematic Review of UPI's Growth and Machine Learning-Based Detection Frameworks

Abstract: India's Unified Payment Interface (UPI) can be stated as the most revolutionary payment system of the twenty-first century. It processed over 21 billion transactions worth ?27.97 lakh crore in December 2025 alone. These figures dictate both its remarkable reach and the security challenges it presents. Since its launch in April 2016 by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), UPI has outpaced traditional digital payment systems, and now over 85% of digital transactions in India are done using UPI. Though the growth is remarkable, it allows new kinds of frauds and scams to arise. Studies show that digital fraud has surged by 346% during COVID-19. This paper examines the empirical and review studies from 2017 to 2026 related to the intersection of UPI’s exponential growth and evolving landscape of digital payment frauds in India. The study critically evaluates the most dominant types of fraud typologies, like phishing, QR code manipulation, KYC impersonation, and social engineering scams, along with the methods used for the prevention of such types of fraud, like machine learning and deep learning architectures. The review finds that machine learning and deep learning architectures achieved over 99% accuracy in the detection of fraud. There are still persistent challenges like class imbalance, data privacy, and adaptive fraudulent behavior. The paper argues that effective fraud mitigation and prevention require more than algorithmic advancement. A multi-layered response integrating system, regulatory dimensions, and user awareness is still required to tackle and prevent fraudulent activities.

By Abhishek Mishra and Dr. Mahendra Pal Singh Yadav
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: GDP, Unemployment, Government Expenditure in Bangladesh: Testing the Relevance of Okun’s Law

Abstract: This study examines the dynamic relationship among Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and government expenditure in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2025. The analysis highlights a period of robust economic performance, with GDP growth consistently averaging above 6%, driven primarily by manufacturing, garment exports, and the service sector. Despite the significant disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which saw growth dip to 3.45%, the economy demonstrated structural resilience and a rapid recovery. Concurrently, government expenditure has expanded significantly as a fiscal tool for development, particularly through large-scale infrastructure projects and social safety nets. Public spending rose from BDT 1,217 billion in 2016 to over BDT 2,218 billion by 2025. However, this expansionary stance has not fully addressed labor market inefficiencies. Unemployment has remained relatively stable between 3% and 5%, suggesting that the link between GDP growth and job creation is weak, thereby offering only limited support for Okun’s Law in the Bangladeshi context. The study identifies persistent structural challenges, including high youth unemployment and skill mismatches, and concludes that inclusive growth policies and labor market reforms are essential to translate macroeconomic gains into sustainable employment generation.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Imran Hosen, Dhwani Gupta
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1

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