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Title: Study on Investment Pattern of Salaried Class People with Special Reference to Dehradun City

Abstract: Investment patterns among salaried individuals are influenced by various factors, including income levels, financial awareness, risk appetite, and socio-economic conditions. This study aims to analyze the investment preferences of salaried professionals in Dehradun, focusing on their choice of financial instruments such as fixed deposits, mutual funds, stocks, insurance, and real estate. The research examines the factors affecting investment decisions, including risk tolerance, savings behavior, tax benefits, and long-term financial goals. A structured survey was conducted among salaried individuals from diverse professional backgrounds to gather primary data. The findings reveal a preference for low-risk investment options, with a significant inclination toward fixed deposits and insurance, while younger investors show a growing interest in mutual funds and equity markets. The study also highlights the role of financial literacy in shaping investment behavior. The insights from this research can help financial institutions, policymakers, and advisors tailor investment solutions that align with the financial goals of salaried individuals in Dehradun. Additionally, the study underscores the need for enhanced financial education programs to encourage informed investment decisions.

By Pankaj Kumar, Subhash Chandra
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Gender Dimension and Safety Issue of Female Workforce of the Garment Industries in Bangladesh

Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most prominent developing country in the world, the RMG sector is one of the prime earning sources of Bangladesh. Now Bangladesh is listed one of the gigantic garment exporters of the world. The garment industry is around Eighty four percent of total exports zone of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh more than four million people are worked in this garments industry. Around eighty percent (that is, 3.2 million workers) of the garment workers are female in Bangladesh. According to Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), the female garments workers are victim of high prevalence of violence and injustice in the work place. The violence and injustice the female garments workers are faced are adversely affect their physical and mental state. This research paper discusses the complication of gender dimension, fitness, well being and protection matters and hurdle of female garment workers of Bangladesh. Here the author used regression analysis, chi-square test, pearson R test, independent T test in order to explain the factors affect safety issue of female garments workers and the injustice towards them.

By Samira- Binte- Saif
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: A Study on the Trend Analysis of India’s Trade Relations with SAFTA Nations: A Review

Abstract: Countries participating in a regional trading arrangement (RTA) are typically heterogeneous, as evidenced by their variations in geographic size, population, gross national product (GNP), economic systems—reflected in the various types of commodities and services manufactured when traded — and the policy instruments employed through monetary, financial, and trade-related measures that affect national production and trade activities. The diverse attributes of the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) members significantly impact their benefits from a Regional Trade Agreement (RTA). The South Asian nations within the SAFTA distinctly illustrate their intrinsic disparities while also highlighting an unsettling situation about the inequitable distribution of prospective benefits from through regional collaboration initiative. Although the members of SAFTA members have low-income and the nations are developing, among these —Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Maldives, —are classified as least developed countries (LDCs) due to many significant challenges that impede their business expansion and development. Thus, the extent to which these issues may impact the SAFTA agreement and the measures India must implement is a crucial inquiry, which serves as the primary purpose of this article. This research also considers the influence among the SAARC members. Analysis of data from several pertinent sources covering the period from 2016-17 to 2022-23 reveals that commerce among SAFTA members has not expanded as considerably as anticipated. The statistical analysis conducted validates the suspicions of numerous scholars, indicating that the SAFTA countries are not genuine trading partners; instead, they frequently compete by exporting identical product categories. Given that this context renders significant growth in mutual trade improbable, the paper finishes with views on enhancing India's regional commerce.

By Manish Upretya, Pankaj Kumar Shah
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Indian Sugar Industry: Challenges, Disruptions and Recovery Pathways

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, which began as a global health crisis, quickly escalated into a far-reaching economic disruption, significantly impacting industries across the world. The Indian sugar industry—one of the country’s most critical agro-based sectors—was no exception. As a key contributor to rural livelihoods, employment, and the national economy, the industry found itself grappling with unprecedented challenges across its entire value chain. The impact was observed from the very first stage of sugarcane cultivation, which faced labor shortages and transportation issues, to the subsequent phases of processing and manufacturing, which suffered from reduced mill capacities and supply chain constraints. Ethanol production, a major revenue source through the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, experienced demand fluctuations tied to global oil market volatility. Moreover, marketing and export activities came to a near halt due to domestic lockdowns and international trade restrictions, resulting in inventory surpluses and financial stress across the sector. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted disruptions caused by the pandemic. It highlights the systemic vulnerabilities exposed during the crisis, the operational and financial challenges encountered by stakeholders—ranging from farmers to mill operators—and the mitigating measures undertaken by both the government and industry associations. In addition, the research proposes a strategic recovery roadmap focused on diversification, supply chain resilience, policy adaptability, and long-term sustainability. By exploring these dimensions, the study aims to contribute to the development of a more robust and crisis-resilient Indian sugar industry in the post-pandemic era.

By Atul Kumar
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Gender Dimension and Safety Issue of Female Workforce of the Garment Industries in Bangladesh

Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most prominent developing country in the world, the RMG sector is one of the prime earning sources of Bangladesh. Now Bangladesh is listed one of the gigantic garment exporters of the world. The garment industry is around Eighty four percent of total exports zone of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh more than four million people are worked in this garments industry. Around eighty percent (that is, 3.2 million workers) of the garment workers are female in Bangladesh. According to Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), the female garments workers are victim of high prevalence of violence and injustice in the work place. The violence and injustice the female garments workers are faced are adversely affect their physical and mental state. This research paper discusses the complication of gender dimension, fitness, well being and protection matters and hurdle of female garment workers of Bangladesh. Here the author used regression analysis, chi-square test, pearson R test, independent T test in order to explain the factors affect safety issue of female garments workers and the injustice towards them.

By Samira- Binte- Saif
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1
Title: Islamic Banking in Bangladesh: A Case Study of FSIBL and Implications for Indian Islamic Banking Prospects and Societal Banking

Abstract: Islamic banking is reshaping Bangladesh’s financial landscape by offering a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional banking, particularly through innovative community-driven micro-savings and micro-investment models. This qualitative study analyzes First Security Islami Bank Limited (FSIBL), Bangladesh’s first full-fledged Islamic bank (est. 1999), to draw insights for India’s emerging Islamic banking sector. FSIBL’s success in applying profit-loss sharing (PLS) models—such as Mudarabah-based micro-savings pools converted into agricultural investments and Bai-mode financing for SMEs—alongside mobile banking-enabled societal banking initiatives, demonstrates how Islamic finance can bridge financial inclusion gaps in developing economies. The bank’s CSR-linked community investment programs, which transform small deposits into Waqf-funded local projects, offer a replicable template for India. However, recent governance lapses and liquidity crunches highlight systemic risks in scaling these models without robust safeguards. The study addresses two questions: (1) How does FSIBL’s integration of microfinance with Islamic principles validate its viability in emerging markets? (2) What lessons can India adopt to leverage societal banking wings for grassroots capital formation while avoiding governance pitfalls? Findings reveal that participatory micro-investment frameworks require three pillars: strong Sharia governance (e.g., community oversight committees), depositor protection mechanisms (e.g., taka ful-backed micro-savings), and adaptive asset-liability management (e.g., blockchain-tracked PLS ventures). By examining FSIBL’s journey, the paper proposes actionable strategies for India to harness Islamic banking’s dual social-commercial mandate, advocating for regulatory sandboxes to pilot community savings-to-investment chains and tax-neutrality for micro-investment products. The study concludes that India’s vast SHG networks and digital infrastructure position it to outperform Bangladesh’s model—if integrated with ethical resilience and operational transparency.

By Abu Sayed, Nabila Aktia Chowdhury
In Volume: 14,Issue: 1

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