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Title: An Exclusive Investigation Report on the International Monetary Fund (IMF)s Impacts on the Current Status of the Climate and International Trade Situations Around the World

Abstract: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the renowned financial legal entities for providing loans or funding for different projects or progammes to enhance or recover the economic conditions of the world. The evolution of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may be sketched from the outcome result of the negotiation among allied nations at the July 1944 Bretton Woods Conference after World War Two. The Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 gave rise to both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development (IBRD). Gradually, both IMF and IBRD merged to shape the World Bank. International Monetary Fund (IMF) well-thought-out to adopt various actions to tackle the situations of COVID-19, climate change, trade barriers and other issues to boost the economic zone of the world. These measures are also essential ingredients to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This notion is supported by different states and organisations (i.e., The World Trade Organisation) too. This examination paper will examine to what extent the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is keeping its role active as an umbrella to boost the climate and international trade situations within the world

By Md. Habib Alam*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Econometrics Paraphernalia, Big Data for G-20 Countries to Uplift through Scientific Analysis: A Conceptual View on Data Analytics

Abstract: The study tried to analyses whether econometric tools and big data for G20 countries and beyond upliftment can be used for scientific analysis for sustainability so that in real life, theory can be attained and better utilization for benefits of G20 leadership by India through using appropriate data analytics. This may help to take suitable decision rapidly. As such research question is whether econometric tools and big data can be used for sustainability through scientific analysis in field of reality for the betterment of G-20 countries and also other countries of the earth irrespective of developed and underdeveloped countries? The study is mainly done based on conceptual view. Time period of the study is from January, 2023 to April, 2023.The study found that with caution econometrics tools and big data must be used for perspectives of macro and micro-scenario while big data can be used for larger volume of data right direction to the policy makers and appropriate leadership. Author suggested that econometrics tools should be used with appropriate carefulness so that spurious relationship cannot be disseminated rather if necessary qualitative judgment needs to be discussed to give clear cut picture of the estimated results based on the reality. Big Data analysis can help G-20 countries by acting a serious part in navigation the international economy over the noteworthy trials the situation expressions as commented by the author. Data analytics are progressively getting more positioning for enchanting rapid choice of the global, regional, domestic trade and business, financial, health, education sector, agricultural sector etc. Big data is nowadays in performance can carry vital role for large volumes of data which may be tested to assess the impact of G20 into diversified countries of the globe to attain sustainability.

By Muhammad Mahboob Ali
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Empowering Women: Legal Safeguards and Policy Frameworks

Abstract: India's distinctive national identity is profoundly shaped by the esteemed position accorded to women throughout its history. Since the Vedic era, Indian society has cultivated a legacy of female empowerment, exemplified by learned scholars like Gargi and Anusuya. This tradition persisted through subsequent epochs, with luminaries such as Ahilyabai Holkar, Rani Lakshmibai, Sucheta Kripalani, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and Indira Gandhi emerging as iconic figures who have significantly contributed to the nation's progress. Historical evidence consistently demonstrates that women have possessed intellectual capacity, energy, and efficiency on par with men. Nevertheless, their contributions to society have been disproportionately low relative to their population percentage. A primary factor contributing to this disparity is the imposition of various restrictions on women since the post-Vedic era. Pernicious societal practices such as dowry, female infanticide, child marriage, illiteracy, and gender inequality have significantly impeded women's progress and potential, resulting in their marginalization and subjugation to men. Prior to independence, the subordinate status of women was a recognized concern. Numerous initiatives and policies were conceived to elevate women's position within society, yet their implementation fell short of intended objectives. Post-independence India has enacted a series of legislative measures, anchored in the Constitution, aimed at elevating the status of women. While these legal frameworks have undeniably contributed to progress, the challenges persisting in women's empowerment necessitated the implementation of comprehensive government schemes. These initiatives have been instrumental in advancing women's status both within domestic and societal spheres. The consequent economic and social empowerment of women is indicative of India's trajectory towards a progressive and developed future. This paper is an attempt to examine the efficacy of government schemes, policies, and programs designed to foster women's empowerment.

By Brijesh Kumar Agarwal, Swati Sharma*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: An Exclusive Investigation Report on the International Monetary Fund (IMF)s Impacts on the Current Status of the Climate and International Trade Situations Around the World

Abstract: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the renowned financial legal entities for providing loans or funding for different projects or progammes to enhance or recover the economic conditions of the world. The evolution of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) may be sketched from the outcome result of the negotiation among allied nations at the July 1944 Bretton Woods Conference after World War Two. The Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 gave rise to both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development (IBRD). Gradually, both IMF and IBRD merged to shape the World Bank. International Monetary Fund (IMF) well-thought-out to adopt various actions to tackle the situations of COVID-19, climate change, trade barriers and other issues to boost the economic zone of the world. These measures are also essential ingredients to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This notion is supported by different states and organisations (i.e., The World Trade Organisation) too. This examination paper will examine to what extent the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is keeping its role active as an umbrella to boost the climate and international trade situations within the world

By Md. Habib Alam*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Lacunae in Healthcare for Poor and Disabled Patients: Evidence from Gaps in Skills of Nurses and Corporate Governance

Abstract: Service of nurses is critical in healthcare. Literature review reveals that nursing standards are low and access to their services, proved onerous for poor patients in the south and south Asian countries, especially during COVID-19. Abject situation of nurses and their need for further education, training was urgently needed. The primary reason behind this gap in care is lack of proper education, training and absence of caring attitude of nurses. Nursing profession, especially in Bangladesh, is deemed tiresome and the overall perception of this job has deteriorated due to influence of culture, religion and other socio-economic factors. The objective of this study is to comprehend the difficulties poor patients encounter due to the skill’s gap and low education of nurses. This phenomenon was universally experienced in many countries. A mixed method study was conducted. Triangulation of information tallying 350 responses, was duly collated, and all questionnaires were administered following ethical acquiescence of respondents. Fifty-six interviews of patients using google form was conducted. Plus, face-to-face qualitative interviews of 15 patients who suffered from Corona and 15 stakeholders’ interviews were carried out, with the aim of informing more sensitive policy for men, women and children and those with disability. Another quantitative survey comprising of 171 nurses, 32 Key Informants and 15 doctors were also done. The evidence of gaps in skills and education of nurses and negative impact on services, truly solicits sensitive policy intervention and training, for remedial measures.

By Anwara Begum
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in Indian Prospective: A Study on Top Five IT Companies

Abstract: This study aims to examine the influence of CSR expenditure on the financial performance of these leading IT companies. Through studying key financial ratios and CSR initiatives, the research seeks to shed light on how socially responsible practices affect profitability. Additionally, this paper also examines the wider implications of CSR for corporate reputation, stakeholder engagement and long-term business sustainability. This study explores the association between mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditures and profitability in India’s top 5 IT firms for 2022. The data was collected from top five IT Companies that included; Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies, and Tech Mahindra. These were statistics directly related to CSR spending, Profitability metrics: Net Profit (Reflects the company's profitability), CSR Spending (Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility), Total Assets (The total value of all assets owned by a company) and Revenue (Total income). The pearson’s correlation was applied for the data analysis and determine relationship among variables.

By Reshma Fulara*, Anuj Kumar
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1

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