Abstract: This research report examines innovative business models in energy finance as a service (EFaaS) and leasing mechanisms within the Mexican energy sector. As México transitions toward renewable energy and sustainable development goals, novel financing structures have emerged to overcome traditional barriers to energy infrastructure investment. Results demonstrate that energy leasing and service-based models have achieved significant market traction, particularly in commercial solar photovoltaic installations and energy efficiency projects. Findings reveal that successful models incorporate flexible payment structures, comprehensive maintenance services, and performance guarantees that align incentives between service providers and clients. The discussion addresses regulatory enablers, financing innovations, and technology integration strategies that facilitate model adoption. The report concludes that EFaaS and leasing models represent transformative mechanisms for accelerating Mexico's energy transition, with implications for policy development, financial sector engagement, and sustainable infrastructure deployment.
Abstract: Due to the absence of legal protection for property rights, live-in relationships continue to be socially stigmatised in India, especially in traditional groups. Property rights are usually valued by married couples, and live-in partnerships are not specifically recognised by Indian law. The difficulties that live-in couples encounter may be made worse by this lack of family support. Without legal recognition, issues pertaining to inheritance rights and child custody become complicated. Although it offers some protection against domestic abuse, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 can be difficult to apply and enforce. Partners can not have the same financial rights or job benefits as married spouses. Despite these challenges, perceptions about cohabitation are gradually shifting, especially among younger people and in urban areas. Comprehensive legislative reforms are necessary to address the socio-legal problems that cohabiting couples face and to provide them with adequate protection and rights.
Abstract: Rajasthan, India’s largest state by area, has historically been a major source of internal and international migration due to Agro-Climatic vulnerability, water scarcity and limited industrialization. This study evaluated the data of Census 2011.Periodic Laborer Force Survey (PLFS), 2022-23 and primary survey data from some districts and examines spatial patterns, drivers, and economic impacts of migration. Results show three dominant streams: rural-urban intra state to Jaipur-Kota, rural-rural to Punjab-Haryana-Gujrat for agriculture and construction, and rural metro cities for textiles and services. Remittances constitute 7.8% of Rajasthan’s GSDP reaching 18.2% in Barmer and 14.6% in Sikar. Districts level regression indicates that 1% rise in out migration increases per capita income by Rs 1840 but reduces food grain yield by 0.6% due to laborer loss. Migration reduces poverty by 4.2% in high out migration districts but creates skill deficit, elderly care burden, and agricultural fallow. The study concludes that migration is both a coping mechanism and a development lever, requiring a migration sensitive policy integrating skill hubs, portability of welfare and remittance investment channels.
Abstract: This paper intends to argue that incorporating entrepreneurial education into school and college curricula is essential for developing a creative and resilient mindset in young people, transforming job seekers into producers and improving initiatives like Startup India. It divides its analysis into four main sections: an introduction that presents entrepreneurship as an essential component of education that aligns with SDG 4's objectives for skill development; a comparison of NEP's visionary reforms towards experiential, multidisciplinary learning with pre-NEP 2020 issues like rote learning, vocational silos, and skills mismatches; an analysis of new teaching methods, emphasising flexible structures like credit banks and interdisciplinary enterprise skills; and A list of crucial actions for implementing NEP 2020, including teacher training and innovation councils, have also been analysed. This paper is a descriptive study, which relies on government reports and documents to study the performance of NEP in fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.
Abstract: India's Unified Payment Interface (UPI) can be stated as the most revolutionary payment system of the twenty-first century. It processed over 21 billion transactions worth ?27.97 lakh crore in December 2025 alone. These figures dictate both its remarkable reach and the security challenges it presents. Since its launch in April 2016 by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), UPI has outpaced traditional digital payment systems, and now over 85% of digital transactions in India are done using UPI. Though the growth is remarkable, it allows new kinds of frauds and scams to arise. Studies show that digital fraud has surged by 346% during COVID-19. This paper examines the empirical and review studies from 2017 to 2026 related to the intersection of UPI’s exponential growth and evolving landscape of digital payment frauds in India. The study critically evaluates the most dominant types of fraud typologies, like phishing, QR code manipulation, KYC impersonation, and social engineering scams, along with the methods used for the prevention of such types of fraud, like machine learning and deep learning architectures. The review finds that machine learning and deep learning architectures achieved over 99% accuracy in the detection of fraud. There are still persistent challenges like class imbalance, data privacy, and adaptive fraudulent behavior. The paper argues that effective fraud mitigation and prevention require more than algorithmic advancement. A multi-layered response integrating system, regulatory dimensions, and user awareness is still required to tackle and prevent fraudulent activities.