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Title: Social Policy Imperatives: Addressing Gaps in Skills and Education to Ameliorate Child Labour in Bangladesh

Abstract: Child labour hampers social equality and threatens their future interest. The last two decades represented a slowing down of the global pace of reduction in child labour. Moreover, the pandemic and wars, including economic crises over the past years have further stalled progress toward the goal of eliminating the worst forms of child labour. For this country, a disturbing fact is substantial rise in the figure of employed children in the age group of 12-13 years—from 0.04 million in 2013 to 0.59 million in 2022—and their involvement in perilous work, which has more than doubled in the last ten years. The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics’ National Child Labour Survey of 2022 documents that out of 39.96 million children, 1,068,212 children (aged 5 to 17 years) are in remunerated or low-paid work, and amongst them, 60 percent are involved in hazardous child labour. In the interest of sustaining development gains, child labour needs to be cogently addressed. This study suggests a paradigm shift within a social policy imperative, due to the absence of an implemented and effective social protection strategy (notwithstanding the National Social Security Strategy that could successfully encompass this group) No implementation strategy has been articulated in NSSS. This study devises solutions that take into cognizance the socio-economic and structural constraints, for amelioration of child labour in Bangladesh. Also, policies have been recommended here: by drawing upon NGO initiatives in Bangladesh, as well as author’s projection of innovative strategies to keep children attentive and keen. An idea of best practice from RSBY (India) and ID cards for support of street children and poor, has been given. A child centered development for improving their skills and education, leading to entry into trading, or remunerative activity through placements, have been delved into, for quick improvements in their situation. It would assist in developing more sensitive policies and its implementation, in future.

By Anwara Begum*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Role of Governance in Startup Entrepreneurial Ventures and Startup Ecosystem

Abstract: Even though governance is such a widely used term both nationally and internationally but there is not one commonly accepted definition of governance. Governance is mostly accepted as the role of the governing to ensure proper delivery of goods, services and opportunity to all the citizenry alike in an equitable, fair and transparent manner. Government for people does not exclusively mean only individuals but is also inclusive of government organisations, corporate houses and even small scale businesses including startups. The startups success or failure is thoroughly dependent on the policies and plans of the government. It's the government policies that induce an enabling environment for the startups to flourish or flounder badly. Thus, it is the duty of Government through Good Governance to enable the startups to make their mark and do meaningful contributions to the Indian economy and fulfill their mission.

By Akshra Sharmaa*, Akhil Mittalb
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: A Study of the Liquidity Position of Certain IT Companies Using One-Way ANOVA

Abstract: This study conducts a one-way ANOVA analysis on the liquidity condition of specific IT companies using their yearly financial reports from 2013-2014 to 2022-2023. The study aims to examine the liquidity and profitability positions of chosen IT organizations. This study used a one-way ANOVA to do a liquidity analysis of the chosen company. The study indicates that the liquidity position is below the allowed threshold due to a higher proportion of current liabilities.

By Pratik J. Shukla*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Carbon Outsourcing: A Big Hurdle in Reducing CO2 Emissions

Abstract: Over the last decade, the United States and many European Union countries like UK, France, and Germany, and some rich Asian countries like Japan and Singapore have reduced their CO2 emissions to a great extent, on the contrary, their consumption of goods that produce large amounts of CO2, (also known as consumption-based emissions) although lower, when compared to the last decade, is still higher than their production of such goods (also known as production-based emissions). Now, this is an interesting paradox that how come they are producing less, but still consuming more CO2. To get the complete picture, we have to consider another paradox that is closely related to the first one. If we look at the developing countries like China and India, both, their consumption-based and production-based emissions have grown over this period, however, their production-based emissions grew at a much higher pace than their consumption-based emissions. Now one might wonder why are these countries producing more than they consume, and are the two paradoxes somehow related to each other? The answer is 'Yes', they are related very closely. The reduction in emissions of developed countries is directly related to the increase in the emission of developing countries, as the developed countries have outsourced big quantity of their emissions to developing countries by importing goods from them rather than producing them domestically. This phenomenon of carbon-outsourcing has the caliber of reversing a good deal of progress made in fighting climate change and thus it is crucial to be addressed and tackled properly. In this paper, I discuss in detail the concept of Carbon Outsourcing, its negative impact on the environment and how rich countries exploit this to decrease their overall carbon-footprint.

By Vaishali Jaiswala*, Kartik Chaudharyb
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: A Study on Online Banking System of City Bank Ltd.

Abstract: With the development of technology, it was essential that banks and patrons transition to the new online-banking method. Therefore, this study looked into the obstacles that City Bank Ltd. clients had in implementing online banking. This study used a descriptive study to gather primary information from 40 City Bank Ltd. respondents. The respondents were chosen by a straightforward random sample. According to the study's findings, customers' adoption and use of online banking was significantly hindered by the accessibility of in sequence on e-banking, their level of education, and the expense of doing so. The study advised banks to start disseminating information about e-use, banking's as well as its advantages and costs, noting that while security did not greatly effect e-banking usage, it was still important to consider.

By Sabnam Jahan*
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2
Title: Fourth Industrial Revolution is the AI Revolution: With Reference to Different Industry Perspective

Abstract: The World Economic Forum's founder and executive chairman, Klaus Schwab, coined the phrase "fourth industrial revolution" to characterize a situation in which people use linked technology to facilitate and govern their lives, allowing them to seamlessly transition between offline and digital worlds. Our lives and economy are drastically altered by the first industrial revolution, which replaces the rural and handicraft economies with one dominated by industry and machine production. During the second industrial revolution, mass manufacturing is facilitated and accelerated by oil and electricity. Information technology was introduced during the third industrial revolution and was utilized to automate production. The industrial revolutions are sometimes seen as distinct events, but when taken as a whole, they make more sense as a chain of developments that built on the inventions of the preceding revolution and resulted in increasingly sophisticated modes of production. The so-called fourth industrial revolution, which includes a number of cutting-edge technologies and has the potential to advance faster and more broadly than any previous period in human history, might see artificial intelligence completely transform everything. The government, academia, business, and civil society are all interested in comprehending the complex effects of the impending industrial revolution, but it is difficult to forecast how it will unfold. Experts believe that while developing technologies could be extremely beneficial to humanity, they also carry a risk to our very existence. If we talk with reference to India, Artificial intelligence is still at the start of business developments in all levels. This article discusses the major features, benefits, risks, opportunities and challenges of the fourth industrial revolutions with respect to Artificial intelligence with reference to various industries in India.

By Vertika Agarwala*, Gaurav Goyalb
In Volume: 12,Issue: 2

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