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Title: Sustainable Agriculture in India: Issues and Challenges Ahead

Abstract: In India, agriculture sector contributes about 20.02% of the country’s GDP (2020-21). Much diversity is found in Indian agriculture such as cropping, climate, irrigation pattern etc. There are many opportunities to take advantages of these diversities to meet the sustainable needs of the population. Sustainable agriculture is the way of farming according to location specific ecosystem and study of relationships between the organism and their environment. The Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) model adopted in 1991 has adversely affected the agriculture in India. The viability of the agriculture should be enhanced which could significantly improve the growth prospects of the economy. The agricultural production in India is also adversely affected by the climate change due to global warming. India has attained self-reliance in food grains production but the future demand for food grain and raw material will not be satisfied from the current agriculture production. Increased demand and low production will create the burden on the agricultural production and will give rise to food inflation in India. The agricultural productivity and the income of the small and marginal farmers have declined. These problems can be overcome with the help of sustainable agricultural development.

By Dhananjay Vats
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Nigeria’s Foreign Policy, A Possible Panacea to Fighting Domestic Terrorism

Abstract: This study examined Nigeria’s foreign policy vis-à-vis the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria, in order to ascertain whether Nigeria’s foreign policy was able to assist in the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria within the period of the study. The study is guided by a research question such as: Does the use of land border closure technique contribute in reducing smuggling of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) proliferation in Nigeria? The study adopted Neo-functionalism theory of integration as its analytical framework understanding the discourse on how Nigeria’s foreign policy was able to assist in the fight against domestic terrorism in Nigeria. Therefore, we stated our hypothesis that: the use of land borders closure technique contributed in reducing smuggling small arm and light weapons (SALW) proliferation in Nigeria, which often stimulate terrorism in Nigeria. The research also utilized the documentary method for collecting data and employed content analysis to analyze information derived from secondary sources. Finally, we recommended amongst other things, that there should be observation and implementation of land borders closure technique into Nigeria’s foreign policy as a legal framework of curtailing smuggling of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in the country.

By Fortunetus Izuchukwu Oguwuike*, Celestine Ochu Udeh
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Empowering Women: Legal Safeguards and Policy Frameworks

Abstract: India's distinctive national identity is profoundly shaped by the esteemed position accorded to women throughout its history. Since the Vedic era, Indian society has cultivated a legacy of female empowerment, exemplified by learned scholars like Gargi and Anusuya. This tradition persisted through subsequent epochs, with luminaries such as Ahilyabai Holkar, Rani Lakshmibai, Sucheta Kripalani, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and Indira Gandhi emerging as iconic figures who have significantly contributed to the nation's progress. Historical evidence consistently demonstrates that women have possessed intellectual capacity, energy, and efficiency on par with men. Nevertheless, their contributions to society have been disproportionately low relative to their population percentage. A primary factor contributing to this disparity is the imposition of various restrictions on women since the post-Vedic era. Pernicious societal practices such as dowry, female infanticide, child marriage, illiteracy, and gender inequality have significantly impeded women's progress and potential, resulting in their marginalization and subjugation to men. Prior to independence, the subordinate status of women was a recognized concern. Numerous initiatives and policies were conceived to elevate women's position within society, yet their implementation fell short of intended objectives. Post-independence India has enacted a series of legislative measures, anchored in the Constitution, aimed at elevating the status of women. While these legal frameworks have undeniably contributed to progress, the challenges persisting in women's empowerment necessitated the implementation of comprehensive government schemes. These initiatives have been instrumental in advancing women's status both within domestic and societal spheres. The consequent economic and social empowerment of women is indicative of India's trajectory towards a progressive and developed future. This paper is an attempt to examine the efficacy of government schemes, policies, and programs designed to foster women's empowerment.

By Brijesh Kumar Agarwal, Swati Sharma*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Book Review - Instruction Manual: Research Methodology

Abstract: “Instruction Manual: Research Methodology" authored by Muhammad Mahboob Ali, PhD, and Md. Kamrul Hossain, PhD, is a comprehensive guide designed to aid students, researchers, and academics in navigating the intricacies of research methodologies. This book serves as a valuable resource for individuals undertaking research across various disciplines, providing clear and practical insights into the process of conducting high quality research.

By Zakiya Sultana
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in Indian Prospective: A Study on Top Five IT Companies

Abstract: This study aims to examine the influence of CSR expenditure on the financial performance of these leading IT companies. Through studying key financial ratios and CSR initiatives, the research seeks to shed light on how socially responsible practices affect profitability. Additionally, this paper also examines the wider implications of CSR for corporate reputation, stakeholder engagement and long-term business sustainability. This study explores the association between mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditures and profitability in India’s top 5 IT firms for 2022. The data was collected from top five IT Companies that included; Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies, and Tech Mahindra. These were statistics directly related to CSR spending, Profitability metrics: Net Profit (Reflects the company's profitability), CSR Spending (Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility), Total Assets (The total value of all assets owned by a company) and Revenue (Total income). The pearson’s correlation was applied for the data analysis and determine relationship among variables.

By Reshma Fulara*, Anuj Kumar
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1
Title: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in E-Commerce Sector of India with Special Reference to Flipkart Pvt. Ltd.

Abstract: India's E-Commerce sector is rapidly evolving due to the country's growing mobile population and advancements like 5G networks, Open Network for Digital Commerce, Hyper local Delivery, and Quick Commerce. An online retail company, Flipkart, has deployed AI in marketing, data analysis and campaign optimization to enrich users’ experience, marketing initiatives and operational productivity. AI algorithms automatically understand user needs, rephrase queries, extract and analyze information and direct users to right answers. However, the deployment of AI brings ethical as well as privacy challenges concerning collection and use of personal data. This paper explores the impact of AI on the e-commerce sector in India by focusing on Flipkart Pvt. Ltd., as well as describes opportunities provided by these technologies along with associated risks and their implications for the sector. The contribution of the study is that AI has made a big difference in the sector of e-commerce in India through customized recommendations made to consumers, higher rate of customer satisfaction, increased conversion rate, etc. These benefits have enabled businesses to formulate very strong campaign strategies, but there are also new risks due to AI, such as overreliance by customers on the recommendations from machines or bias of algorithm-based decisions. The research methodology involves review of many research articles and collection of secondary data. Flipkart is focusing on AI-based products and setting up a base in the heart of Silicon Valley in California. It has also partnered with Microsoft to enhance its online shopping experience, coupled with the launch of AI for India, aimed at capitalizing on the growing internet user base and smart phone markets.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Samreen Khan*
In Volume: 13,Issue: 1

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